Author: Mina Doosti

Introduction The no-cloning theorem in Quantum Mechanics states that it is impossible to create a perfect copy of arbitrary unknown quantum states. However, imperfect cloning is possible in many different ways. The cloning protocols are either approximate cloning, meaning that at all the rounds they produce approximately similar copies, or they are probabilistic protocols which…

Introduction The quantum SWAP test is a basic quantum subroutine used to compare two quantum states. Given two input states, it checks if they are equal, and it estimates how close they are by measuring an auxiliary control qubit after a controlled-SWAP operation. In quantum protocols, the SWAP test can be used as a local…

Introduction Privacy amplification is a nodal subroutine in which a party, or a set of honest parties, locally compress a partially secret classical string into a shorter string that is secure against an adversary. In quantum protocols, this subroutine usually appears after measurement and classical error correction. At that point, the honest parties may share…

Introduction Classical error correction is a nodal subroutine in which a party processes classical data in order to detect and correct errors. In quantum protocols, this subroutine often appears after a quantum communication or measurement stage, when the relevant quantum information has already been converted into classical strings. The goal is to transform noisy or…