Category: Functionalities

Functionality Description Leader Election is a multi-party cryptographic functionality that allows a group of parties to securely and fairly elect a single leader from among themselves[1,2]. It’s a core building block in distributed systems and blockchain protocols where coordination is required but trust is minimal. The functionality ensures that the elected leader is selected according…

Functionality Description Conference key agreement (CKA), or multipartite key distribution is a cryptographic task where more than two parties wish to establish a common secret key. It is possible to compose bipartite QKD protocols to accomplish this task. However, protocols based on multipartite quantum correlations may be more efficient and practical in future large scale…

Functionality Description Entanglement routing allows a quantum network to generate long distance entanglement between two or multiple nodes. A Quantum router is a device used to transmit quantum information over long distances along a quantum network using entanglement swapping between routers. As quantum information transmissivity decays exponentially in function of the distance, quantum routers are…

Functionality Description (Quantum) E-voting allows the process of vote casting and counting with the help of quantum communication and quantum mechanical systems. This functionality comes with a guarantee that votes remain secret i.e. no one can link a voter to his vote, and comes with properties of verifiability and impossibility of double voting. Electronic voting…

Functionality Description Delegated Computation is the task of assigning computation on hidden data to a powerful untrusted party (a device) by a weak (in terms of computational powers) party while maintaining privacy of hidden data from the powerful party. Protocols under this functionality are commonly called Client-Server protocols. Delegated Quantum Computation (DQC) protocols involve partially…

Functionality Description Private information retrieval (PIR) is a classical cryptographic functionality that allows one party (user) to privately retrieve an element from a classical database owned by another party (server), i.e., without revealing to the other party which element is being retrieved (user privacy). Symmetric private information (SPIR) retrieval is PIR with the additional requirement…

Functionality Description Quantum Money is a quantum cryptographic scheme that was first introduced by Wiesner [1] in 1983. Informally, the quantum money object is a unique (e.g. has a public classical serial number) and unforgeable (e.g. unclonable) physical object that is created by a third party called Mint (that could be trusted or not trusted).…

Functionality Description Fingerprinting is a cryptographic functionality, between two parties, that allows one party to compress a (possibly large) data item into a compact summary, or fingerprint, such that it can later be used to verify the identity or equality of that item with high confidence. In cryptographic and communication-theoretic contexts, fingerprinting is often used…

Functionality Description Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a task that enables two parties, Alice and Bob, to establish a classical secret key by using quantum systems. A classical secret key is a random string of bits known to only Alice and Bob, and completely unknown to any third party, namely an eavesdropper. Such a secret…

Functionality Description Authentication is a building block which proves something is true or genuine between two parties, the suppliant (prover) and the authenticator (verifier). There are two types of authentication, data authentication and identity authentication. In data authentication, the authenticator checks the claim in a non-interactive process called offline mode, i.e. there is no interaction…