A nodal subroutine is a set of operations exercuted locally by a single node in the network. These are typically part of a larger protocol.
Classical Pseudo-Random Number Generation
Classical pseudo-random number generation runs a pseudo-random number generator (PRNG) on a classical machine that pseudo-randomly samples numbers from a space given an input seed.
Read MoreError Correction (Classical)
Classical error correction is a nodal subroutine in which a party processes classical data in order to detect and correct errors. In quantum protocols, this subroutine often appears after a quantum communication or measurement stage, when the relevant quantum information has already been converted into classical strings. The goal is…
Read MorePrivacy Amplification Subroutines
Privacy amplification is a nodal subroutine in which a party, or a set of honest parties, locally compress a partially secret classical string into a shorter string that is secure against an adversary. In quantum protocols, this subroutine usually appears after measurement and classical error correction. At that point, the…
Read MoreQuantum Error Correction
Quantum error correction is a local subroutine used to protect quantum states against noise, decoherence, and imperfect operations. Unlike classical error correction, it cannot work by directly copying or measuring the protected information. Instead, the quantum state is encoded into a larger Hilbert space so that errors can be detected…
Read MoreQuantum Random Number Generation
This subroutine uses quantum resources to randomly generate numbers using a Quantum Random Number Generator (QRNG) routine. We write randomness generation instead of pseudo-random number generation as it is possible to gain `true' randomness from a QRNG. Generating random number of the one of the most important goals of computer…
Read MoreQuantum SWAP Test
The quantum SWAP test is a basic quantum subroutine used to compare two quantum states. Given two input states, it checks if they are equal, and it estimates how close they are by measuring an auxiliary control qubit after a controlled-SWAP operation. In quantum protocols, the SWAP test can be…
Read MoreState Cloning Subroutine
The no-cloning theorem in Quantum Mechanics states that it is impossible to create a perfect copy of arbitrary unknown quantum states. However, imperfect cloning is possible in many different ways. The cloning protocols are either approximate cloning, meaning that at all the rounds they produce approximately similar copies, or they…
Read MoreUniversal Superposition of Orthogonal States
The Orthogonal Superposition Machine (or the Quantum Adder) is a quantum machine or protocol which allows creating the superposition of two unknown orthogonal states with the desired weights (absolute values of probability amplitudes) beyond the no-superposition theorem. This task can be done with a higher probability of success than the…
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